• Start witha second-level heading (

==

• A #Placement_of_the_Table_of_Contents_.28TOC.29will automatically be added to an article that has four or more sections.
• If appropriate, place subsections in an appropriate order. If listing countries, place them in alphabetical order rather than, say, relative to population of OECDcountries, or some random order.

==New section==
===Subsection===
====Sub-subsection====

• When used in a list, a newline doesaffect the layout (#lists).

A single [[newline]]
generally has no effect on the layout. 
These can be used to separate
sentences within a paragraph.
Some editors find that this aids editing
and improves the function ''diff'' 
(used internally to compare
different versions of a page).

But an empty line
starts a new paragraph.

• Please use this sparingly.
• Close markup between lines, do not start a linkor italicsor boldon one line and close it on the next.

You can break lines

without starting a new paragraph.

• It's easy to create a list:
• Start every line witha star (asterisk).
• More stars means deeper levels.
• A newline in a list

• An empty line starts a new list.

* It's easy to create a list:
** Start every line with a star.
*** More stars means deeper levels.
**** A newline in a list
marks the end of a list item.

* An empty line starts a new list.

1. Numbered lists are also good
1. very organized
2. easy to follow
1. easier still

# Numbered lists are also good
## very organized
## easy to follow
### easier still

Definition list : list of definitions

item : the item's definition

another item

the other item's definition

• Begin witha semicolon. One item per line;a newline can appear before the colon, but using a space before the colon improves parsing.

; Definition list : list of definitions
; item : the item's definition
; another item
: the other item's definition

• You can even create mixed lists
1. and nest them
• like this

can I mix definition list as well?

: yes

how?

: it's easy as

• a
• b
• c

* You can even create mixed lists
*# and nest them
*#* like this
*#*; can I mix definition list as well?
*#*: yes
*#*; how?
*#*: it's easy as
*#*:* a 
*#*:* b
*#*:* c

A colon indents a line or paragraph.

• This is primarily for displayed material, but is also used for discussion on Talk_pages.

: A colon indents a line or paragraph.
A manual newline starts a new paragraph.

The blockquotecommand will indent bothmargins when needed instead of the left margin only as the colon does.

The '''blockquote''' command will indent 
both margins when needed instead of the 
left margin only as the colon does.  

• This is useful for:
• pasting preformatted text;
• algorithm descriptions;
• program source code;
• ASCII_art;
• chemical structures;
• WARNING: If you make it wide, you page_wideningand hence less readable, especially for people who use lower resolutions. Never start ordinary lines withspaces.

 IF a line starts with a space THEN
     it will be formatted exactly
         as typed;
     in a fixed-width font;
     lines will not wrap;
 END IF

• Please note the American spelling of "center".

Centered text.

• Mainly useful for
• disambiguation -but to be used sparsely, only when separating completely different, unrelated (groups of) meanings
• separating threads on Talk pages.

A [[horizontal dividing line]]:
this is above it
----
and this is below it.

• A link to another Wikipedia article.
• Internally, the first letter of the target page is automatically capitalized and spaces are represented as underscores (typing an underscore in the link has the same effect as typing a space, but is not recommended).
• Thus the link above is to the URLen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transport, whichis the Wikipedia article withthe name "Public transport". See also Canonicalization.

London has [[public transport]].

• Same target, different name.
• This is a piped_link.
• The "piped"text must be placed first, the text that will be displayed, second.

San Francisco also has
[[public transport|
public transportation]].

• Endings are blended into the link.
• Preferred style is to use this instead of a piped link, if possible.

San Francisco also has
[[public transport]]ation.

Examples include [[bus]]es, [[taxi]]s,
and [[streetcar]]s.

• A link to another namespace.

See the [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style]].

• The part after the number sign (#) must matcha section heading on the page. Matches must be exact in terms of spelling, case, and punctuation. Links to non-existent sections are not broken;they are treated as links to the top of the page.
• Identifiers may be created by attaching an id="..."> attribute to almost any HTML element. This doesn't work withlegacy browsers.

[[Economics#See also]] is a link
to a section within another page.

[[#Links and URLs]] is a link
to another section on the current page.

[[#example]] is a link to an
anchor that was created using
an id attribute

• The server fills in the part after the pipe character (|) when you save the page. The next time you open the edit box you will see the expanded piped link. When Show_previewing your edits, you will not see the expanded form until you press Saveand Editagain. The same applies to links to sections within the same page (#link-to-section).

Automatically hide stuff
in parentheses:
[[kingdom (biology)|]].

Automatically hide namespace: 
[[Wikipedia:Village Pump|]].

Or both:
[[Wikipedia:
Manual of Style (headings)|]]

But not:
[[Wikipedia:
Manual of Style#Links|]]

• You can create it by clicking on the link (but please do not do so withthis particular link).
• To create a new page:
1. Create a link to it on some other (related) page.
2. Save that page.
3. Click on the link you just made. The new page will open for editing.
4. For more information, see How_to_start_a_pageand check out Wikipedia's Naming_conventions.
5. Please do not create a new article without linking to it from at least one other article.

[[Viniculture in London]]
is a page 
that does not exist yet.

• Self_links appear as bold text when the article is viewed.
• Do not use this technique to make the article name bold in the first paragraph;see the Manual_of_Style#Article_titles.

[[Wikipedia:
How to edit a page]]
is this page.

Brockert

Brockert00:18, Nov 19, 2004 (UTC)

00:18, Nov 19, 2004 (UTC)

• The first two bothprovide a link to your user_page.

When adding a comment to a Talk page,
you should sign it by adding
three tildes to add your user name:
: ~~~
or four for user name plus date/time:
: ~~~~
Five tildes gives the date/time alone:
: ~~~~~

• Redirectone article title to another by placing a directive like the one shown to the right on the firstline of the article (suchas at a page titled "[[USA]]").
• Note that, while it is possible to link to a section, it is not possible to redirect to a section. For example, "#REDIRECT [[United States#History]]"will redirect to the United_Statespage, but not to any particular section on it. This feature may be implemented in the future -see 218(it appears as a bug).

#REDIRECT [[United States]]

• Link to a page on the same subject in another language by using a link of the form:

[[language code:Title]]

• It does not matter where you put these links while editing as they will always show up in the same place when you save the page, but placement at the end of the edit box is recommended.
• Please see Interlanguage_linksand the Complete_list_of_language_wikis_available.

[[fr:Wikipédia:Aide]]

'''What links here''' and
'''Related changes'''
pages can be linked as:
[[Special:Whatlinkshere/Wikipedia:How to edit a page]]
and
[[Special:Recentchangeslinked/Wikipedia:How to edit a page]]

A user's '''Contributions''' page
can be linked as:
[[Special:Contributions/UserName]]
or
[[Special:Contributions/192.0.2.0]]

• To put an article in a Category, place a link like the one to the right anywhere in the article. As withinterlanguage links, it does not matter where you put these links while editing as they will always show up in the same place when you save the page, but placement at the end of the edit box is recommended.

[[Category:Character sets]]

• To linkto a Categorypage without putting the article into the category, use an initial colon (:) in the link.

[[:Category:Character sets]]

1. Bare URL: http://www.nupedia.com/(bad style)
2. Unnamed link: [1] (only used within article body for footnotes)
3. Named link: Nupedia

See Interwiki_mapfor the list of shortcuts.

• Square brackets indicate an external link. Note the use of a space(not a pipe) to separate the URL from the link text in the "named"version.
• In the URL, all symbols must be among:
  A-Z a-z 0-9 . _ \ / ~ % -+ #? !=( ) @
• If a URL contains a character not in this list, it should be encoded by using a percent sign (%) followed by the hexadecimalcode of the character, whichcan be found in the table of ASCII#ASCII_printable_characters. For example, the caret character (^) would be encoded in a URL as %5E.
• If the "named"version contains a closing square bracket "]", then you must use the HTMLspecial character syntax, i.e. #93;otherwise the MediaWikisoftware will prematurely interpret this as the end of the external link.
• There is a class that can be used to remove the arrow image from the external link. It is used in Refto stop the URL from expanding during printing. It should neverbe used in the main body of an article. However, there is an exception: wikilinks in Image markup. An example of the markup is as follows:
• Markup:

[http://www.sysinternals.com/
ntw2k/freeware/winobj.shtml WinObj]

• Display: WinObj
• See External_linksfor style issues.

Three ways to link to
external (non-wiki) sources:
# Bare URL:
http://www.nupedia.com/
(bad style)
# Unnamed link:
[http://www.nupedia.com/]
(only used within article
body for footnotes)
# Named link:
[http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia]

1. Interwikilink: InterWiki link
2. Interwiki link without prefix: InterWiki link
3. Named interwiki link: InterWiki link

• All of these forms lead to the URL http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Hello
• Note that interwiki links use the internallink style.
• See Interwiki_mapfor the list of shortcuts;if the site you want to link to is not on the list, use an external link (#link-external).
• See also How_to_link_to_Wikimedia_projects.

1. InterWiki link
2. InterWiki link
3. InterWiki link

• All of these forms lead to the URL http://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/bonjour

Linking to other wikis:
# [[Interwiki]] link:
[[Wiktionary:Hello]]
# Interwiki link without prefix:
[[Wiktionary:Hello|]]
# Named interwiki link:
[[Wiktionary:Hello|Wiktionary definition of 'Hello']]

Linking to another
language's wiktionary:
# [[Wiktionary:fr:bonjour]]
# [[Wiktionary:fr:bonjour|bonjour]]
# [[Wiktionary:fr:bonjour|]]

• Link to books using their ISBN. This is preferred to linking to a specific online bookstore, because it gives the reader a choice of vendors. However, if one bookstore or online service provides additional free information, suchas table of contents or excerpts from the text, then a link to that source will aid the user and is recommended.
• ISBN links do not need any extra markup, provided you use one of the indicated formats.

ISBN 012345678X

ISBN 0-12-345678-X

• Link to Internet_Engineering_Task_ForceRFCs.

Text mentioning RFC 4321 anywhere

1. July_20, 1969
2. 20_July1969
3. 1969-07-20
4. 1969-07-20

• Link dates in one of the above formats, so that everyone can set their own display order. If Special link, you can use Special linkto change your own date display setting.
• All of the above dates will appear as "[[20 July|20 July]] [[1969|1969]]"if you set your date display preference to "15 January 2001", but as "[[20 July|July 20]], [[1969|1969]]"if you set it to "January 15, 2001", or as "[[1969|1969]]-[[July 20|07-20]]"if you set it to "2001-01-15".

Date formats:
# [[July 20]], [[1969]]
# [[20 July]] [[1969]]
# [[1969]]-[[07-20]]
# [[1969-07-20]]

Special [[WP:AO]] links like [[As of 2006|this year]]
needing future maintenance

• To include links to non-image uploads suchas sounds, use a "media"link. For images, #Images.

[[media:Sg_mrob.ogg|Sound]]

A picture: 
[[Image:wiki.png]]

Withalternative text:
[[Image:wiki.png|jigsaw globe]]

• Alternative text, used when a mouse hovers over the image or when the image is not loaded in a text-only browser, or when spoken aloud, is stronglyencouraged. See Alternate_text_for_imagesfor help on choosing it.

Floating to the right side of the pageand witha caption:
[[Image:wiki.png|frame|Wikipedia Encyclopedia]]

• The frame tag automatically floats the image right.
• The caption is also used as alternate text.

Floating to the right side of the pagewithouta caption:
[[Image:wiki.png|right|Wikipedia Encyclopedia]]

• The help topic on Interlanguage linkexplains more options.

Linking directly to the description pageof an image:
[[:Image:wiki.png]]

• Clicking on an image displayed on a page

Linking directly to an imagewithout displaying it:
[[media:wiki.png|Image of the jigsaw globe logo]]

• To include links to images shown as links instead of drawn on the page, use a "media"link.

Example:

Place images here 

Example: {| align=right
|-
| 
Place images here
|}

''Emphasized text''
'''Strong emphasis'''
'''''Even stronger emphasis'''''

• For semantic reasons, using code where applicable is preferable to using tt.

A typewriter font for monospace text
or for computer code: int main()

You can use small text for captions.

Better stay away from big text, unless
 it's within small text.

• When editing regular Wikipedia articles, just make your changes and do not mark them up in any special way.
• When editing your own previous remarks in talk pages, it is sometimes appropriate to mark up deleted or inserted material.

You can strike out deleted material
and underline new material.

You can also mark deleted material and
inserted material using logical markup.
For backwards compatibility better combine this
potentially ignored new logical with
the old physical markup.

Link → (''to'') the [[Wikipedia FAQ]]

• Used to show literal data that would otherwise have special meaning.
• Escape all wiki markup, including that whichlooks like HTML tags.
• Does not escape HTML character references.
• To escape HTML character references suchas rarr; use amp;rarr;

<nowiki>Link &rarr; (''to'') 
the [[Wikipedia FAQ]]</nowiki>

• Used to leave comments in a page for future editors.
• Note that most comments should go on the appropriate Talk_page.

<!-- comment here -->

• See Interlanguage link.

À Á Â Ã Ä Å 
Æ Ç È É Ê Ë 
Ì Í Î Ï Ñ Ò 
Ó Ô Õ Ö Ø Ù 
Ú Û Ü ß à á 
â ã ä å æ ç 
è é ê ë ì í
î ï ñ ò ó ô 
œ õ ö ø ù ú 
û ü ÿ

¿ ¡ § ¶
† ‡ • – —
‹ › « »
‘ ’ “ ”

™ © ® ¢ € ¥ 
£ ¤

• The latter methods of sub/superscripting cannot be used in the most general context, as they rely on Unicode support whichmay not be present on all users'machines. For the 1-2-3 superscripts, it is nevertheless preferred when possible (as withunits of measurement) because most browsers have an easier time formatting lines withit.

x1 x2 x3 or


x₀ x₁ x₂ x₃ x₄


x₅ x₆ x₇ x₈ x₉

x1 x2 x3 or


x⁰ x¹ x² x³ x⁴


x⁵ x⁶ x⁷ x⁸ x⁹

ε0 =
8.85 × 10−12
C² / J m.

1 [[hectare]] = [[1 E4 m²]]

α β γ δ ε ζ 
η θ ι κ λ μ ν 
ξ ο π ρ σ ς
τ υ φ χ ψ ω
Γ Δ Θ Λ Ξ Π 
Σ Φ Ψ Ω

• See also WikiProject_Mathematics.

∫ ∑ ∏ √ − ± ∞
≈ ∝ ≡ ≠ ≤ ≥
× · ÷ ∂ ′ ″
∇ ‰ ° ∴ ℵ ø
∈ ∉ ∩ ∪ ⊂ ⊃ ⊆ ⊇
¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀ ⇒ ⇔
→ ↔

$\backslash sin\; x\; +\; \backslash ln\; y$
sin''x'' + ln''y''

$\backslash mathbf\{x\}\; =\; 0$
'''x''' = 0

• To space things out without allowing line breaks to interrupt the formula, use non-breaking spaces: nbsp;.

Obviously, ''x''² ≥ 0 is true when ''x'' is a real number.

$\backslash sum\_\{n=0\}^\backslash infty\; \backslash frac\{x^n\}\{n!\}$

• See Formulafor how to use math>.
• A formula displayed on a line by itself should probably be indented by using the colon (:) character.

: $\backslash sum\_\{n=0\}^\backslash infty\; \backslash frac\{x^n\}\{n!\}$

The nowiki tag ignores [[Wiki]] ''markup''.
It reformats text by removing newlines    and multiple spaces.
It still interprets special characters: →

<nowiki>
The nowiki tag ignores [[Wiki]] ''markup''.
It reformats text by removing newlines    and multiple spaces.
It still interprets special characters: &rarr;
</nowiki>

The pre tag ignores Wikimarkup.It also doesn't     reformat text.It still interprets special characters: 

The pre tag ignores [[Wiki]] ''markup''.
It also doesn't     reformat text.
It still interprets special characters: →

Putting a space at the beginning of each line
stops the text   from being reformatted. It still
interprets 

characters: →

Leading spaces are another way to preserve formatting.

 Putting a space at the beginning of each line
 stops the text   from being reformatted. It still
 interprets [[Wiki]] ''markup'' and special
 characters: →

{{CURRENTWEEK}}

{{CURRENTDOW}}

{{CURRENTMONTH}}

{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}

{{CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN}}

{{CURRENTDAY}}

{{CURRENTDAYNAME}}

{{CURRENTYEAR}}

{{CURRENTTIME}}

{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}

{{PAGENAME}}

{{NAMESPACE}}

{{REVISIONID}}

{{localurl:pagename}}

{{localurl:

|action=edit}}

{{fullurl:pagename}}

{{fullurl:pagename|

}}

{{SERVER}}

{{ns:1}}

{{ns:2}}

{{ns:3}}

{{ns:4}}

{{ns:5}}

{{ns:6}}

{{ns:7}}

{{ns:8}}

{{ns:9}}

{{ns:10}}

{{ns:11}}

{{ns:12}}

{{ns:13}}

{{ns:14}}

{{ns:15}}

{{SITENAME}}